NSS Report 592 · HCES 2023-24 Fact Sheet 2023-24

How India spends —
item by item.

261,953 homes · three visits months apart · 1.1M people · ~400 goods & services across 14 levels. Every answer keyed as written — quantity, value, source. Weighted by MULTIPLIER to represent 1.37B Indians. Not an average.

Households sampled
2,61,953
1,54,357 rural1,07,596 urban
× MULTIPLIER → 1.37B Indians
People enumerated
1.1M
4.2 per home avg · Level 02
Levels · tables
14
400 columns · 46.3M rows as keyed
FSUs · villages + blocks
14,827
Census 2011 frame
substitutes tracked
46M answers as keyed — no totals added Source: NSS microdata, not PDF tables
Levels 01 · 02 · 03 · 15 · Sampling frame

A lottery inside buckets

Not pure lottery — stratified random. State is the base, villages split by distance to HQ/city, urban blocks by affluence — then 3 wealth buckets. Random pick inside each. Each home carries a MULTIPLIER — e.g. 5,840 = stands for 5,840 similar homes (400–40k). 261,953 × MULTIPLIER → 1.37B Indians.

Villages
≤5km from HQ/city vs rest
captures peri-urban mix
Rural buckets
by land owned
top 5% · next 15% · 80%
Urban buckets
by car owned
>₹10L · <₹10L · none
FSUs 14,827 · Census 2011 State × distance × wealth → 3 buckets 261,953 homes sampled
Levels 04 · 05 · 06 · 08 · 09 · 10 · Three visits & recall

3 visits over months — sharper recall, seasons covered

500 questions in one sitting → guesses and fatigue. Split over 3 visits, months apart, with a tablet — 7-day foods asked fresh, winter and summer both captured.

7 days
milk, veg, meat
30 days
rice, dal, soap, fuel
365 days ÷12
TV, bike, jewellery
1
Visit 1 — leans Food
Milk, veg, meat 7d · rice, dal 30d — all booklets asked
FDQ
2
Visit 2 — leans Daily
Soap, fuel, rent, doctor, school 30d
CSQ
3
Visit 3 — leans Durables + total
TV, fridge, bike, jewellery 365d → ÷12
DGQ

If a home misses a visit, we drop it from the average (§2.2.0) — else we'd undercount. All 3 booklets asked each visit (FDQ/CSQ/DGQ), Visit 3 = monthly total.

Levels 12 · 13 · 14 · The house — three shelves

One house, three shelves

Tap a shelf — each level is a shelf in the same home.

Kitchen — what you ate

Everyday food. 1 row = 1 home × 1 food. Qty + ₹, source = purchase vs home-grown (farm-gate vs retail).

101 rice-PDS 12kg ₹360 160 milk 2L ₹80 200 potato 3kg ₹60
Level 05 · 12.7M · cereals→meat
Level 06 · 1.7M · snacks, sweets
Level 04 is flags: “PDS rice yes? online groceries?” — source 1=bought, 2=home-grown.

Explore every level

For policy. One row = what it knows about you. Tap to filter.

The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) for 2023-24 was conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), Government of India Survey weights normalized to national estimates for display